dos. Product and techniques
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>
In particular, new WBQ will bring: (A) study on the reputation of participant; (B) recording away australian women from practices on the time of the earlier in the day month out-of good and liquid restaurants, liquid or drinks out-of a semi-quantitative eating frequency questionnaire (FFQ) off 58 foods validated to have estimating energy consumption plus the additional sugar and you can honey which is added to beverages; and you may (C) quote out of exercise employing the new Globally Physical exercise Questionnaire (IPAQ) , which suggestions duration of physical exercise at about three pastime levels (serious, reasonable, lighter do it) or sedentary criteria. The IPAQ could have been confirmed in past times because the a corner-national tool to possess recording exercise [20,21,22] and to imagine time expenses.
The power and you may liquid stuff regarding filed items and you may drinks is assessed with the Diet Investigation Also (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, Ca, USA), and therefore uses constitution investigation on USDA National Nutrient Databases and you will chose Greek foods (we.elizabeth., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles beans soups, multiple Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Predicated on overall opportunity intake and effort expenses, energy harmony try examined also.
Inside data, “drinks” means fruit juices or packaged liquid 100% versus glucose blogs, sugar-sugary beverages (SSDs) (fruit nectar which have sugar, carbonated drinks that have glucose and effort/isotonic beverages), low calorie soft drinks, teas and you can organic infusions, dairy (a myriad of milk products, chocolate whole milk and you will cocoa drink), milkshake and you may sherbets, coffee and coffees products, and you may alcoholic beverages (alcohol, drink and all sort of alcoholic beverages). “Take in time consumption (DEI)” refers to times consumption out of products “total opportunity consumption (TEI)” so you can energy intake of all of the offer and “opportunity consumption out of meals” to time intake off good and you can water delicacies (age.g., soups). The brand new share out-of products organizations so you can full time consumption (data away from Malisova et al. 2013), showed as the total drinking habits (TWI), i.e., water off products, drinking water, solid and you may water dishes and as drink intake of water (DWI), we.age., liquids of drinks and liquids.
step 3. Mathematical Studies
Results are shown because the suggest ± sd on the generally speaking distributed parameters and you can average (P25–P75) towards skewed of those. Normality try checked using the possibilities–probability spot (P–P patch) and you will histograms. Differences between individuals regarding the complete energy consumption, opportunity of beverages, time from ingredients, times cost, times equilibrium, drinking habits, water out of liquids and you will drinks, liquids regarding products, water away from drinking water, drinking water out-of foods, drinking water losses and you can liquid harmony was in fact examined into independent test t-decide to try into generally speaking distributed details and also the Mann-Whittney U-sample into skewed ones. Also, differences between the newest four quartiles of your time from beverages was indeed reviewed towards that-way ANOVA F-decide to try on normally marketed variables additionally the Kruskal-Wallis H Shot towards skewed ones. Relevance top are place from the 5%. Correlations within sum out-of products to water intake into the relation in order to opportunity from inside the winter months and you may summer were checked by the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s correlation coefficients having generally speaking distributed otherwise skewed parameters. All mathematical analyses performed playing with PASW Analytics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chi town, IL, USA).
